Human Health Aspects (Cicads 6. This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, or the World Health Organization. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 6. First draft prepared by Prof. Fina Petrova Simeonova, Consultant, National Center of Hygiene, Medical Ecology and Nutrition, Sofia, Bulgaria; and Dr Lawrence Fishbein, Fairfax, Virginia, USAPublished under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization, and the World Health Organization, and produced within the framework of the Inter- Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2. 00. 4The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), established in 1. ![]() United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO), and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. The Inter- Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1. UNEP, ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, WHO, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, and the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (Participating Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1. UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase coordination in the field of chemical safety. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO Library Cataloguing- in- Publication Data. Hydrogen cyanide and cyanides : human health aspects. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Marketing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 2. Avenue Appia, 1. 21. Geneva 2. 7, Switzerland (tel: +4. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications . The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers. ![]() Diabetes Therapy - Exercise: T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Qigong, Yoga, and Walking Exercises Of Benefit to Persons with Diabetes. Bibliography Links Quotations Notes. Original Article. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. Ramón Estruch, M.D., Ph.D., Emilio Ros, M.D., Ph.D., Jordi Salas-Salvadó. Monograph: Fish Oil Help on accessing alternative formats, such as Portable Document Format (PDF), Microsoft Word and PowerPoint (PPT) files, can. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. Risk assessment activities of the International Programme on Chemical Safety, including the production of Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents, are supported financially by the Department of Health and Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, UK, Environmental Protection Agency, Food and Drug Administration, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, USA, European Commission, German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Health Canada, Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape. Technically and linguistically edited by Marla Sheffer, Ottawa, Canada, and printed by Wissenchaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mb. H, Stuttgart, Germany. Archives and past articles from the Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly.com. Professor Carel le Roux (MBChB, MSC, FRCP, FRCPath, PhD) graduated from medical school in Pretoria South Africa, completed his Senior House Officer training at Barts. The Steering Group will also advise IPCS on the appropriate form of the document (i.e., a standard CICAD or a de novo CICAD) and which institution bears the. TABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORDConcise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are the latest in a family of publications from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) . CICADs join the Environmental Health Criteria documents (EHCs) as authoritative documents on the risk assessment of chemicals. International Chemical Safety Cards on the relevant chemical(s) are attached at the end of the CICAD, to provide the reader with concise information on the protection of human health and on emergency action. They are produced in a separate peer- reviewed procedure at IPCS. They may be complemented by information from IPCS Poison Information Monographs (PIM), similarly produced separately from the CICAD process. CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. They are usually based on selected national or regional evaluation documents or on existing EHCs. Before acceptance for publication as CICADs by IPCS, these documents undergo extensive peer review by internationally selected experts to ensure their completeness, accuracy in the way in which the original data are represented, and the validity of the conclusions drawn. The primary objective of CICADs is characterization of hazard and dose. CICADs are not a summary of all available data on a particular chemical; rather, they include only that information considered critical for characterization of the risk posed by the chemical. The critical studies are, however, presented in sufficient detail to support the conclusions drawn. For additional information, the reader should consult the identified source documents upon which the CICAD has been based. Risks to human health and the environment will vary considerably depending upon the type and extent of exposure. Responsible authorities are strongly encouraged to characterize risk on the basis of locally measured or predicted exposure scenarios. To assist the reader, examples of exposure estimation and risk characterization are provided in CICADs, whenever possible. These examples cannot be considered as representing all possible exposure situations, but are provided as guidance only. The reader is referred to EHC 1. While every effort is made to ensure that CICADs represent the current status of knowledge, new information is being developed constantly. Unless otherwise stated, CICADs are based on a search of the scientific literature to the date shown in the executive summary. In the event that a reader becomes aware of new information that would change the conclusions drawn in a CICAD, the reader is requested to contact IPCS to inform it of the new information. Procedures. The flow chart on page 2 shows the procedures followed to produce a CICAD. These procedures are designed to take advantage of the expertise that exists around the world . The IPCS Risk Assessment Steering Group advises the Coordinator, IPCS, on the selection of chemicals for an IPCS risk assessment based on the following criteria: there is the probability of exposure; and/or there is significant toxicity/ecotoxicity. Thus, it is typical of a priority chemical that it is of transboundary concern; it is of concern to a range of countries (developed, developing, and those with economies in transition) for possible risk management; there is significant international trade; it has high production volume; it has dispersive use. Advice from Risk Assessment Steering Group. Criteria of priority: there is the probability of exposure; and/orthere is significant toxicity/ecotoxicity. Thus, it is typical of a priority chemical thatit is of transboundary concern; it is of concern to a range of countries (developed, developing, and those with economies in transition) for possible risk management; there is significant international trade; the production volume is high; the use is dispersive. Special emphasis is placed on avoiding duplication of effort by WHO and other international organizations. A prerequisite of the production of a CICAD is the availability of a recent high- quality national/regional risk assessment document = source document. The source document and the CICAD may be produced in parallel. If the source document does not contain an environmental section, this may be produced de novo, provided it is not controversial. If no source document is available, IPCS may produce a de novo risk assessment document if the cost is justified. Depending on the complexity and extent of controversy of the issues involved, the steering group may advise on different levels of peer review: standard IPCS Contact Pointsabove + specialized expertsabove + consultative group. The Steering Group will also advise IPCS on the appropriate form of the document (i. CICAD or a de novo CICAD) and which institution bears the responsibility of the document production, as well as on the type and extent of the international peer review. The first draft is usually based on an existing national, regional, or international review. When no appropriate source document is available, a CICAD may be produced de novo. Authors of the first draft are usually, but not necessarily, from the institution that developed the original review. A standard outline has been developed to encourage consistency in form. The first draft undergoes primary review by IPCS to ensure that it meets the specified criteria for CICADs. The second stage involves international peer review by scientists known for their particular expertise and by scientists selected from an international roster compiled by IPCS through recommendations from IPCS national Contact Points and from IPCS Participating Institutions. Adequate time is allowed for the selected experts to undertake a thorough review. Authors are required to take reviewers.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
July 2017
Categories |